System for monitoring the unauthorized use of a device

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to systems and methods for detecting the loss, theft or unauthorized use of a device and/or altering the functionality of the device in response. In one embodiment, a device monitors its use, its local environment, and/or its operating context to determine that the device is no longer within the control of an authorized user. The device may receive communications or generate an internal signal altering its functionality, such as instructing the device to enter a restricted use mode, a surveillance mode, to provide instructions to return the device and/or to prevent unauthorized use or unauthorized access to data. Additional embodiments also address methods and systems for gathering forensic data regarding an unauthorized user to assist in locating the unauthorized user and/or the device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patentapplication Ser. No. 12/060,863 filed Apr. 1, 2008 titled, “System ForMonitoring the Unauthorized Use Of A Device,” the disclosure of which isfully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

NOTICE OF INCLUDED COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever. All trademarks and service marks identified hereinare owned by the applicant.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to systems and methods for altering thefunction of an electronic device in response to the device being lost,stolen or used in an unauthorized manner. The altered functionalitycould facilitate (1) the return of the device, and/or (2) altering theoperation of the device. The invention may also facilitate themonitoring of an unauthorized user of the device.

2. Background of the Invention

Today, the use of electronic devices is widespread. Such devices canincrease a user's productivity and quality of life, but they aresusceptible to loss, theft, or unauthorized use. Examples of suchdevices are cellular phones, portable digital assistants (PDAs), digitalcameras, and laptop computers. These devices often carry private,confidential and/or difficult-to-replace data, and the loss of such datafurther compounds the loss of the electronic device since, while anelectronic device that has been lost or stolen can be physicallyreplaced, oftentimes the data stored on such a device is confidentialand/or irreplaceable.

Additionally, the authorized user (which may or may not be the owner) ofa lost or stolen device may have to deal with ramifications, such as themisuse of information if an unauthorized user (as used herein,“unauthorized user” means anyone than the authorized user or someoneauthorized by the authorized user to use the device) gains access toinformation stored on the device. Further, it is not uncommon for hoursor even days to elapse before the owner or authorized user of such adevice discovers the loss, and during that time, an unauthorized usermay be accessing sensitive data, misappropriating information, orrunning up charges for goods or services on the authorized user'saccounts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description areexemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the inventionas claimed.

Methods and systems according to the present invention provide one ormore of the following functions: (1) enhancing the likelihood that thedevice is recovered by providing information to assist the unauthorizeduser in returning the device, (2) altering the function of the device(optionally including the prevention of access to information on thedevice), and (3) obtaining information about the unauthorized user toimprove the chance that the unauthorized user will be identified andboth the unauthorized user and device located. Further, a system andmethod of the invention may provide a rapid response to alert theauthorized user that the device has either been misplaced or stolen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived byreferring to the detailed description and claims when considered inconnection with the following illustrative figures.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram depicting an exemplary process of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting an exemplary process of the presentinvention with respect to a device on which telephone calls can be made.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting substeps of step 120 according to anexemplary method of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting substeps of step 120 according to anexemplary method of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram depicting substeps of step 120 according to anexemplary method of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing various functionalities of the invention,one or more of which may be included in step 140.

FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting various functionalities of the invention,one or more of which may be included in step 680.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary system according tovarious aspects of the present invention.

FIGS. 9-16 depict exemplary notification measures that can be providedon a mobile computing device such as a laptop computer in accordancewith the present invention.

FIGS. 17-25 depict exemplary notification messages that may be displayedon a cellular phone, a PDA, or handheld mobile device.

FIGS. 26-37 depict exemplary screens and processes associated with ahost server as exemplified by embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 38-58 illustrate installation and registration of a softwareapplication downloaded onto a mobile device.

FIGS. 59-64 illustrate embodiments of the present invention showing aprocess for uninstalling the application from a mobile device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, the term “mobile device,” “mobile electronic device,” or“device” generally refers to any electronic device capable of being lostor stolen. A mobile device may be a stand-alone device such as a laptopcomputer, a desktop computer, a mobile subscriber communication device,a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a data tablet, adigital camera, a video camera, a video game console, a media player, aglobal positioning system (GPS), Universal Serial Bus (USB) keys, mobileweapons, and combinations thereof. A mobile electronic device may alsobe any electronic device integrated with another system or device. Forexample, a stereo, global positioning system, or other electronic devicecontained within a vehicle may be monitored and protected in accordancewith the present invention. Software to implement methods of the presentinvention can be (1) installed on, or (2) downloaded onto a mobiledevice indirectly or directly at any time by an authorized user throughthe Internet, SMS text message, or in any other suitable manner and atany suitable time for carrying out a method according to the invention.For example, the software may be installed on the device when purchasedor downloaded after the device is purchased, or even after the device islost or stolen. The mobile device may be insured against loss or theft,and systems and methods of the present invention may operate as part of,or in addition to, an insurance policy on the mobile device.

An authorized user of a mobile device may qualify for a lower insurancepremium if the insured mobile device is protected by a lockout orrecovery service as provided by embodiments of the present invention. Inanother embodiment, an insurance company may mandate recovery or lockoutservices be provided with an insured device where a claim against thepolicy may result in replacement for lost or stolen mobile devices.Therefore, embodiments of the present invention assist with preventinginsurance fraud. For example, if a parent buys a new phone and insuresthe phone against loss or theft, the parent may desire to give theinsured phone to one of his/her children and file an insurance claim toreplace the donated phone, claiming it as a lost or stolen device, thusavoiding the cost of purchasing a new phone. The present invention maybe used to prevent such a fraudulent claim, by, for example, disablinguse of the alleged lost or stolen phone, detecting attempted use of thealleged lost or stolen phone, or tracking location or users of thealleged lost or stolen phone.

In one embodiment, a mobile device operating in conjunction with thepresent invention includes a wireless transceiver to communicate withother systems and devices through a wireless system such as a wirelessmobile telephony network, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network,wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM) network, Personal Communication Service (PCS)network, Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) network, and/or a satellitecommunication network. Mobile devices operating in conjunction with thepresent invention may also communicate with other systems and devicesthrough any other type of connection, such as a wired Internetconnection, a wireless Internet connection, a cellular telephone networkconnection, a wireless LAN connection, a wireless WAN connection, anoptical connection, a USB connection, a mobile device synchronizationport connection, a power connection, and/or a security cable.

Systems and methods of the present invention may be employed as part ofa subscriber-based service to help protect and recover a wide variety ofdifferent mobile devices. Authorized users can be linked to multiplemobile devices using a unique identifier for each device. Any suitableidentifier may be provided, such as the serial number of the mobiledevice (or a component thereof), or a numeric, alphabetic, alphanumeric,or other identifier. The identifier can be used to verify the identityof authorized users associated with the device, as well as to monitorthe mobile device and provide for its recovery should it be lost orstolen. In one embodiment of the present invention, for example, theidentifier and information for associated authorized users may be storedin a storage medium (such as a memory on the mobile device or a centralserver) for future reference.

Moreover, a system and method according to the invention may have adifferent response for different inputs or conditions, including thesensing of varying threat levels. For example, a laptop sensing that itis in a prohibited area (such as outside of a building to which it isassigned or in a foreign country) might prevent access with one or moreencryption techniques, delete data or corrupt the hard drive to makedata retrieval difficult or impossible. The same laptop, upon receivinga signal that it is lost within a building to which it is assigned couldsimply provide notification describing how to return the laptop.

Any combination and/or subset of the elements of the methods depictedherein may be practiced in any suitable order and in conjunction withany suitable system, device, and/or process. The methods described anddepicted herein can be implemented in any suitable manner, such asthrough software operating on the mobile device and a host server. Thesoftware may comprise computer-readable instructions stored in a medium(such as the memory of the mobile device or host server) and can beexecuted by one or more processors to perform the methods of the presentinvention.

Turning now to the figures, where the purpose is to describe preferredembodiments of the invention and not to limit same, exemplary methodsaccording to various aspects of the present invention are depicted inFIGS. 1-7.

In method 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, a notification is provided by amobile device to an authorized user (110) describing how to return themobile device. As used herein, “unauthorized user” means any personother than the authorized user. The notification can be provided in anynumber of ways and be triggered by any suitable event. For example, thenotification may be a visual display or an audio signal, such as avoice. The notification should provide adequate information to theunauthorized user to enable the unauthorized user to return the device,and could include one or more of a phone number, address or emailaddress. The notice could also offer a reward for return of the device.

The notice could be triggered in any suitable manner. For instance, theauthorized user could send a signal to the device to display the notice,or the authorized user could contact a service that would send a signalto the device to activate the notice. The notice could also be displayedautomatically, for example, if the wrong password were keyed in apredetermined amount of times or if the device sensed it was in acertain geographical area. Any other suitable self-triggering eventcould also be utilized.

Another and optional feature of the device is detection of a securitycompromise event (120) and a determination (130) of whether the functionof the device should be altered in response to the security compromiseevent. If appropriate, the functionality of the device is altered (140)if a security compromise event (including the device being lost orstolen).

Providing Notification Describing how to Return the Mobile Device

In an exemplary process 100 according to the present invention depictedin FIG. 1, an event 105 triggers a notification to be provided 110 bythe device describing how to return the device. The notification may beprovided in any manner, such as by using a display, microphone, or otheruser interface feature(s) of the mobile device. The notification mayinclude any symbols, characters, numbers, graphics, sounds (includingrecorded voice messages and/or music), and/or any other indicia to aidin describing how to return the device (for example a message displayedon a screen).

The notification may include, for example, one or more of a telephonenumber for a service providing recovery instructions or the telephonenumber of the authorized user, a turn-in location or address,instructions to activate a feature of the mobile device to initiate areturn process, a web address for a service providing recoveryinstructions, and/or a clickable link to a website comprising recoveryinstructions. The notification may also include a message that a rewardis available for turning in the device to a recovery service. In oneembodiment of the present invention, the notification is displayed onthe login screen (including the mechanism for returning the device) suchthat it is the first information seen by a user before the user canaccess the device. If an authorized user (such as the owner) fears theyhave lost control of the device they can remotely activate theapplication on the mobile device and make sure that access is restrictedto only showing a notification and details on how to return the device.One benefit of this approach is the preservation of the confidentialnature of the information located on the mobile device, essentiallyprotecting sensitive information from unauthorized access. An innocentfinder of the mobile device is also able to return the device withouthaving to bypass or break the password on the mobile device to determinethe identity of the authorized user.

When the notification is provided a separate signal or message that themobile device has been lost or stolen. The notification can help anunauthorized user of the mobile device return it to its authorized user,and the notification is likely to increase the probability that theunauthorized user will do so, since he/she is provided with theappropriate instructions or information. Additionally, theconspicuousness of the notification may also deter an unauthorized userwho is a thief from stealing the mobile device or attempting to keep,use, or sell the mobile device.

The notification may be provided to any person (such as the unauthorizedperson currently in possession of the mobile device), as well as otherindividuals, systems, and devices in communication with the mobiledevice. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, referringto FIG. 2, providing a notification (110) describing how to return amobile device (such as a mobile phone) may include: determining a phonenumber (210) dialed by the current unauthorized user of the mobiledevice, calling the phone number (220), and presenting a message (suchas pre-recorded, text or message from a live person) (230). The messagemay include any desired information, such a notice that the mobiledevice has been reported lost or stolen, and/or instructions to assistin initiating return of the mobile device.

Alternate embodiments may include presenting an SMS text message, anemail message (e.g., sent to an email address of the current user), asequence of dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tones, and/or any othermessage type. This allows the mobile device to alert the unauthorizeduser in possession of the mobile device that he/she is not authorized touse the device and/or provides instructions on how to return the device.This may expedite the return of the mobile device, as well as to deterindividuals from stealing or withholding the device from its rightfulowner.

The notification may be provided using some or all of the user interfacecapabilities of the mobile device. For example, a notification for alaptop computer may include a large, message on the screen to draw theattention of observers that it is protected, and/or one or more sounds(including music, pre-recorded speech and alarm) played through thelaptop's speaker. Similarly, a cell phone could present a text displayand/or emit sounds to instruct the unauthorized user how to return thedevice or an alarm sound to attract attention to the unauthorized userand make it undesirable to keep the device. The notification may bepresented through one or more of any other user interface feature(s)integrated with, or in communication with, the mobile device, such as aprinter.

Detecting a Security Compromise Event

In the exemplary method shown in FIG. 1, the mobile device detect that asecurity compromise event (120) has occurred. As used herein, a“security compromise event” generally refers to any situation where themobile device (or any physical or functional portion thereof) is (or maybe) outside the exclusive control of an authorized user, and a devicemay be able to detect multiple types of security compromise events, inwhich case the device may have different responses for different typesof security compromise events.

The mobile device may in various embodiments include a removable orinterchangeable SIM card. In an implementation of methods of the presentinvention, detecting that a security compromise event has occurredfurther comprises detecting that a SIM card associated with the mobiledevice has been exchanged. Detecting the exchange may be by any method,such as detecting that an access door to a SIM card storage area hasbeen opened, detecting that an identifier within the SIM card does notmatch a stored identifier corresponding to a previous SIM card in use bythe mobile device, or detecting the failure of an authorization protocolbetween the SIM card and the mobile device.

In one embodiment, detecting that a security compromise event hasoccurred further comprises obtaining from the authorized user a set ofcriteria indicating unauthorized use of the mobile device; anddetermining that at least one of the criteria indicating unauthorizeduse has occurred. The criteria may comprise any information specified bythe user that may indicate conditions or limits indicating that thedevice is not being used in an authorized manner. For example, thecriteria indicating unauthorized use of the mobile device may compriseat least one of: a maximum number of calls that may be placed to numbersnot included in a pre-stored authorized number list; a maximum number ofcalls that may be received by numbers not included in the pre-storedauthorized number list; and a call being placed to a country code notincluded in the pre-stored authorized number list. In one embodiment,the set of criteria indicating unauthorized use of the mobile device arestored in the mobile device. In another embodiment, the set of criteriaindicating unauthorized use of the mobile device are stored in adatabase associated with a security authority.

The mobile device may include a read-only memory. For purposes of thepresent application, a read only memory (also known as a “ROM”) includesnot only non-modifiable memories such as mask ROMs and one-timeprogrammable PROMs, but also persistent memories that may not bedirectly or indirectly modified through the user interface of a mobiledevice. Such persistent memories may include such storage devices suchas field programmable ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, FLASH memory, magneticstorage devices, optical storage devices, or other storage devices. Invarious embodiments of the present invention, an application may residein a read-only memory of the mobile device detects that a securitycompromise event has occurred. In selected instances, the applicationmay not be terminated by a current user of the mobile device if thecurrent user is not the authorized user, providing additional securityto prohibit unauthorized users from tampering with security protocols.

A security compromise event may be actual (e.g., the mobile device hasactually been stolen), or perceived (e.g., an authorized user isuncertain as to the status of the mobile device, but believes it may belost or stolen). A security compromise event may include the loss ofcontrol of the mobile device by the authorized user, the theft of themobile device, a loss of knowledge as to the whereabouts of the mobiledevice, the intrusion of an electronic threat (e.g., an electronicvirus, an electronic worm, and/or an electronic trojan horse), theunauthorized access or attempted unauthorized access to privateinformation in the mobile device, use of the mobile device in a mannernot authorized by a wireless service provider, the device sensing it isin an unauthorized location, entering an incorrect password multipletimes, any other event where compromise of the ownership or security ofthe mobile device is indicated.

A security compromise event may be detected by the mobile device itself,and may be also be reported by an authorized user directly to the deviceor indirectly such as through a security authority or other entity,system or device in communication with the mobile device.

The mobile device may detect a security compromise event in any manner,such as by receiving a message from an authorized user or a securityauthority (such as a governmental law enforcement organization, privatesecurity firm, and/or insurance agency), and in response to the messagedetermining that a breach of security has occurred. The securityauthority may communicate with the mobile device in any desired manner,such as through software operating on a host server in communicationwith a database. As an example, an authorized user can report his/hermobile device is missing to the security authority and instruct thesecurity authority to signal the mobile device of a security threat(i.e., the user believes the mobile device has been lost, stolen, or mayotherwise be subject to unauthorized access). The functionality of themobile device can then be altered as a result (140), as discussedfurther below.

The mobile device may authenticate the validity of a message from asecurity authority, such as by computing a digest of the message andcomparing the digest value to a previously stored authorization digestvalue. The computed digest value may be produced by providing thereceived message to a hashing algorithm such as the MD5 or SHA-1 SecureHashing Algorithm as specified in National Institute of Standards andTechnology Federal Information Processing Standard Publication Number180-1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety. The authorization digest value can be any number, code,value, or identifier that allows a received message to be identified asa valid transmission from a security authority. The stored authorizationdigest value can be provided to the mobile device upon activation of aloss/theft recovery service, as well as in any other desired manner.Unless the authorization digest value matches the stored digest value,the message will not be authenticated and can be disregarded (ifdesired). A mobile device acting on a message from a security authorityneed not necessarily be predicated upon successful authentication of themessage, however. The mobile device may authenticate the validity of themessage in any other desired manner.

The mobile device may also authenticate the validity of a message from asecurity authority or other source by decrypting at least part of themessage with a public key associated with the sender of the message aspart of an asymmetric encryption algorithm. Asymmetric encryptionalgorithms and techniques are well known in the art. See, for example,RSA & Public Key Cryptography, by Richard A. Mollin, CRC Press, 2002,and U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,829, issued Sep. 20, 1983, the disclosures ofwhich are fully incorporated by reference herein. In an illustrativeexample, if two parties (for example, “Alice” and “Bob”) wish tocommunicate securely using public key cryptography, each party begins bygenerating a unique key pair, where one of the keys is a private keythat is kept in confidence by that party, and the other key is a publickey that may be publicly distributed, published only to a messagerecipient, or made available through a public key infrastructure. Thekey generation step need be done by a party only once, provided that theparty's private key does not become compromised or known by anotherparty. If Alice wants to send a message confidentially to Bob, she mayuse Bob's public key to encrypt the message, and once sent, only Bob candecrypt and view the message using Bob's private key. But if Alice alsowanted Bob to have assurance that the message was in fact coming fromher, she could further encrypt the message with her private key beforesending, then when Bob's private key and Alice's public key are used todecrypt the message, Bob knows for certain that he was the intendedrecipient and that Alice was the one who originated the message, andAlice knows that only Bob will be able to decrypt and read her message.

Such a scheme may be utilized with embodiments of the present invention.In an embodiment, full two-way public encryption is used to authenticatethat the sender is in fact the security authority (for example) and thatthe recipient of the message indicating a security compromise event hasoccurred is in fact the intended recipient. Alternatively, messages maybe encrypted with only the private keys of the sending entity, anddecrypted with the public keys to expedite processing time. Suchencryption schemes assist with validation of security compromise eventcommunications, both in providing validation of the source anddestination of messages, as well as providing a means to securitytransmit commands to a compromised mobile device.

In alternate embodiment, encrypted or unencrypted data can betransmitted to and from the mobile device through an encryptedtransmission protocol, such as the wireless encryption protocols (WEP,WPA and WPA2) associated with the IEEE 802.11 wireless protocols. Anynumber of other encryption methods can be used to encrypt datacommunicated to and from the mobile device in conjunction with thepresent invention.

A mobile device operating in conjunction with the present invention mayreceive information that a security compromise event has occurred from asecurity authority or other source using any number of messages in anyformat. For example, embodiments of the present invention may receiveinformation in an SMS text message, a voice mail message, an emailmessage, and/or a predetermined sequence of one or more DTMF tones. Themessage can be of any desired format. For example, the message can beincluded in a file having a tokenized format such as standard ASCII textformat, or any other suitable standardized file format, such as an MSWord document, MS Excel file, Adobe PDF file, or binary picture file(JPEG, bitmap, etc.). The data within such a file can be ordered in anymanner and have any suitable delimiters, notations, or other features.The message may also have a unique and/or propriety format.

In one embodiment, the message indicating a security compromise eventoccurred may be encoded in files such as binary picture files viasteganographic techniques, so that any person viewing the file orpicture may see an acceptable image while a hidden message is encoded inthe data in the file and may be accessed by appropriate softwaretechniques. For example, by sending a graphic image in a file that isnamed in a manner to solicit a user to open the message/file (forexample, “HotJessica.JPG”), then the current user of the mobile devicemay open the file which then triggers software on the mobile device toscan the image file, thereby extracting and decoding thesteganographically encoded data from the image file. The mobile devicemay then interpret the decoded data, and if a lockdown event isindicated, the device may take predetermined actions to partially orcompletely disable use of the device in any of the manners describedherein. The software on the mobile device may execute surreptitiously,whereby the application may execute forensic evidence gathering featuressuch as taking a picture of the current user's face while the user islooking at the image file just opened while the current user is unawarethat he/she is being photographed or otherwise logged. Other commandsmay be sent via encoded or concealed messages, such as commandsresetting the password of the device to an alternate or more securepassword.

The format of the message can also be based on the method by which themessage is transmitted to the mobile device. For example, where themessage is transmitted to the mobile device using a wireless telephoneconnection, the message can be formatted as an SMS text message.Similarly, the message may be formatted as an XML record, email, and/orfacsimile. The message can include multiple formats and/or multiplemessages, and may be formatted having different formats for transmissionin a variety of methods or to a variety of different mobile devices. Amessage received from a security authority, host server, authorizeduser, or other source may also include other information, such asinstructions for altering the functionality of the mobile device asdiscussed further below.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a mobile device may beconfigured to assume a low-power, quiescent, or standby state, wherebythe device may receive notifications from an authorized user or serversuch as a server administered by a security authority. Upon receivingsuch notification, the mobile device may take action at an appropriatetime, based on contents of the notification. The mobile device maytransition from a standby state to poll a server to determine whether anotification is waiting, and if so, downloads and acts upon the contentsof the notification. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile devicehas a buffering provision that is capable of receiving notificationstransmitted by a server or security authority, and acting upon thecontents of the message at an appropriate time, such as when the messageis received or at a predetermined time interval.

A mobile device may also detect a security compromise event bydetermining that the mobile device has been disassociated from adesignated companion device. The mobile device may be associated withany desired type of device(s). For example, a mobile telephone may be acompanion device to another mobile telephone. The two mobile telephonesmay be associated through a wireless connection (such as a Bluetoothconnection), and the loss of the wireless connection may be used totrigger a security compromise event. Similarly, a security compromiseevent can be triggered when a mobile device is separated from aplurality of companion devices.

The mobile device may determine that it has been disassociated from thecompanion device in any desired manner, such as by measuring a powerlevel of a wireless signal transmitted by the companion device, anddetermining that the measured power level has decreased below apredetermined threshold level.

Additionally, the mobile device can determine it has been disassociatedfrom the companion device by transmitting a message to the companiondevice and determining that a message was not received from thecompanion device that satisfies a predetermined confirmation criterion(e.g., an expected acknowledgement transmission). Additionally, themobile device can determine it has been disassociated from the companiondevice where it is unable to establish a communications link with thecompanion device, or where the companion device sends a signal to themobile device indicating that access to the mobile device should berestricted. The mobile device may determine it has been disassociatedfrom the companion device when an amount of incident light illuminatingat least one surface of the mobile device has varied from apredetermined threshold range. For example, if the mobile device isremoved from a companion device such as a purse, carrying case, holsteror briefcase, the increase in ambient light on at least one surface ofthe mobile device could be detected by an included sensor, indicatingthe device has been removed from a desired location. Similar approachesmay include activating a security event check when, a case enclosing themobile device is opened or if a light sensor in a mating surface betweenthe mobile device and its companion device suddenly detects light whenthe two devices are disconnected or undocked.

Other embodiments for determining that the mobile device has beendisassociated from the companion device are provided, includingmeasuring a current power level of a wireless signal transmitted by thecompanion device; and determining that the measured current power levelhas decreased by a predetermined amount. A plurality of power levels ofthe wireless signal transmitted by the companion device may be measured;and from these measurements steps may include computing an average powerlevel from the plurality of measured power levels; measuring a currentpower level of a wireless signal transmitted by the companion device;determining that the measured current power level has varied from theaverage power level by a predetermined amount. In yet anotherembodiment, determining that the measured current power level has variedfrom the an average power level by a predetermined amount furthercomprises: computing a standard deviation of the plurality of measuredpower levels; and determining that the current power level exceeds anallowed signal range determined by a predetermined constant times thestandard deviation of the plurality of measured signals. One or morestandard deviations may be desirable, based on the desired sensitivityof the system to fluctuations in signal strengths. For instance, in anelectronically noisy environment or when the mobile device by necessityneeds to move small distances with respect to the companion device, thepredetermined range or standard deviations may be set to a higher level,such as plus or minus three standard deviations.

In another embodiment, determining that the mobile device has beendisassociated from the companion device comprises: measuring a pluralityof power levels of a wireless signal transmitted by the companiondevice; computing an average power level from the plurality of measuredpower levels; measuring a plurality of current power levels of awireless signal transmitted by the companion device; determining thatfor a predetermined number of times within a predetermined time period,one of the plurality of current power levels has varied from the averagepower level by a predetermined amount. In such an embodiment, forexample, it is the relative change of signal power levels compared to ameasured average that determines when a security event is triggered, sothe system adapts over time to changes in the signal environment andrelative motions of the mobile device and the companion device.

The mobile device may be associated with a companion device in anydesired manner, such as by pairing the mobile device with the companiondevice via a wired link and/or a wireless link. Any desired wirelesslink and communications protocol may be used to pair a mobile devicewith a companion device. For example, a wireless link may include an ISO14443 protocol, an ISO 18000-6 protocol, a Bluetooth protocol, a Zigbeeprotocol, a Wibree protocol, an IEEE 802.15 protocol, an IEEE 802.11protocol, an IEEE 802.16 protocol, an ultra-wideband (UWB) protocol; anIrDA protocol, and combinations thereof. Likewise, a wired link may beimplemented to pair a mobile device with a companion device, such as byusing a computer network connection, a USB connection, a mobile devicesynchronization port connection, a power connection, and/or a securitycable.

In various embodiments, when the companion device is disassociated fromthe mobile device, the mobile device is further configured to format amessage for transmission to a security authority, the message comprisinginformation regarding the disassociation of the mobile device with thecompanion device; wherein the message is formatted by the companiondevice. The formatted message may comprise any desired information andmay be transmitted to the security authority by wired or wireless means,such as by a cell phone link, or a wired or wireless network interface.The information regarding the disassociation of the mobile device withthe companion device comprises, for example: a date that the companiondevice and the mobile device were disassociated; a time that thecompanion device and the mobile device were disassociated; a locationthat the companion device and the mobile device were disassociated; anidentifier corresponding to the mobile device; an identifiercorresponding to the companion device; and an identifier correspondingto a current user of the mobile device.

A security compromise event may be associated with a change in thehardware of the mobile device. For example, a security compromise eventmay be determined when an identifier of a hardware identity module (suchas a universal subscriber identity module and/or a removable useridentity module) in communication with the mobile device does not matchone or more predetermined authorized identifiers. Any desired identifiermay be used in conjunction with the present invention, such as anelectronic serial number, a local area identity identifier, anintegrated circuit identifier, an international mobile subscriberidentifier, an authentication key identifier, and/or anoperator-specific emergency number identifier.

The hardware identity module identifier may be transmitted to a hostserver, stored in a storage medium (such as the memory of the mobiledevice or host server), or processed in any other desired manner. Forexample, the identifiers associated with hardware of a mobile device(e.g., hard drive, SIM card, or other hardware) can be used to determinewhether an unauthorized user is attempting to circumvent software orhardware security protocols protecting the mobile device. The hardwareidentity module identifier (as well as any other data used inconjunction with the present invention) may be stored in any suitablemanner, such as by using a memory storage device integrated with, or incommunication with, the mobile device. The hardware identity module mayalso be encrypted, hidden, or protected in any other desired manner.

A security compromise event can be based on a change in a singlehardware component of a mobile device, as well as on an overall hardwareconfiguration of the mobile device. For example, the hardwareconfiguration for a mobile device such as a laptop computer may includethe identities of a particular hard drive, battery, RAM, BIOS, and othercomponents of the laptop. The hardware configuration for the laptop canbe stored (e.g., by a central server and/or the mobile device) and thencompared against the current hardware configuration for the laptop(e.g., periodically and/or upon the occurrence of an event, such as achange in a hardware component). If the current hardware configurationhas changed from the stored configuration beyond a predeterminedthreshold (e.g., more than two individual components are different), asecurity compromise event can be triggered. This allows a securitycompromise event to be issued where a thief may be swapping outcomponents of a stolen mobile device in an attempt to circumventsecurity measures associated with (or stored on) the swapped components.Changes in the hardware configuration of a mobile device (such aschanges in SIM card) can be tracked over time and reported to a securityauthority or authorized user to help locate the mobile device.

A security compromise event may be determined based on the use of themobile device and/or the behavior of the current user. For example,referring to FIG. 3, determining a security compromise event (120) mayinclude accumulating a usage profile of the mobile device over apredetermined time period (310), accumulating information regardingcontinued usage of the mobile device (320), and determining that thecontinued usage deviates from the usage profile by a predeterminedthreshold (330).

The usage profile and the accumulated information may include anydesired information about how the mobile device is used, such as a ratioof the number of calls placed from numbers residing within a contactlist stored in the mobile device to numbers not residing within thecontact list, the time of day that one or more calls were placed by themobile device, a mean time interval between button presses, a pressedbutton type, a mean pressure exerted when pressing buttons, a number oftimes within a predetermined time interval that a password was inputincorrectly, a number of consecutive times that a password was inputincorrectly, and combinations thereof. The usage profile of anauthorized user can then be compared to the accumulated information inorder to determine whether or not the authorized user is still incontrol of the device. The mobile device may take any desired action toverify the current user is authorized to use the mobile device, such asprompting the current user to enter a password, and preventing furtheruse of the device until the password is correctly entered.

The usage profile can be compiled over any desired time period(s). Thetime period may include a fixed period of time, or may be dynamicallydetermined (e.g.—shifting in time as the mobile device is utilized). Thepredetermined time period can be specified by an authorized user of themobile device, as well as determined by the mobile device itself. Thepredetermined time period can be based on any desired criteria, such asthe manner in which the device is used and/or on the amount ofinformation needed to compile the usage profile. Likewise, the period oftime in which information about the continued usage of the mobile devicecan be accumulated may be specified in the same manner as that of theusage profile.

The accumulated continued usage information and the usage profile may becompared to determine the degree to which the continued usage deviatesfrom the usage profile. A predetermined threshold may be selectedaccording to any desired criteria to determine whether the continuedusage is indicative of unauthorized use. For example, if the continuedusage includes a significant number of calls outside the time rangecalls are usually made in the usage profile, the continued usage may beindicative of unauthorized use. Similarly, the time interval betweenbutton presses (i.e., the speed the current user is using the mobiledevice), the types of buttons pressed, the pressure exerted whenpressing the buttons, the number of times (including consecutive times)a password is input incorrectly, and other events may be indicative(alone or in combination) of unauthorized use.

A combination of events may be weighted such that the occurrence of asecurity compromise event is based on a predetermined voting threshold.Individual events may be given more significance than other events, suchthat only a repeated occurrence of a particular event deviates from thepredetermined threshold, while a single occurrence of another eventdeviates from the threshold. For example, a call outside the usageprofile's normal time range may need to occur a total of four timesbefore the predetermined threshold is exceeded, while the entering of anincorrect password two times in succession deviates from the threshold.Similarly, an incorrect password entry in combination with two callsoutside the normal time range in the usage profile can deviate from thepredetermined threshold. Events may be weighted or scored for thepredetermined voting threshold in any desired manner.

A security compromise event may be determined based on the failure of auser to provide the proper biometric data. In one embodiment of thepresent invention, for example, a biometric measurement of a currentuser of the mobile device is obtained, and the biometric measurement iscompared to a previously stored reference value. A security compromiseevent can then be determined where the biometric measurement exceeds apredetermined threshold variance from the previously stored referencevalue. The security compromise event may be based on any number ofbiometric measurements from the current user of a mobile device, such asa fingerprint scan, an iris scan, a retina scan, a voice sample, abreath sample, and/or a photograph of a portion of the body of thecurrent user of the mobile device.

A security compromise event may be determined based on the location ofthe mobile device. For example, referring now to FIG. 4, determining asecurity compromise event (120) may include obtaining a physicallocation of the mobile device (410), analyzing the physical location ofthe mobile device to determine that the device is located in anunauthorized area (420), and comparing the physical location of themobile device to a previously stored location list (430).

The physical location of the mobile device may be obtained in anymanner. For example, the location of the mobile device may beascertained using a global positioning system (GPS), through thetriangulation of a signal emitted by the mobile device, through anInternet protocol (IP) address and/or traceroute, or in any othermanner. A global positioning system may include, for instance, areceiver that detects signals transmitted by transmission sources withknown transmission timing and/or known location, and through analyzingthe received time-encoded signals at the mobile device. The mobiledevice may also ascertain its location with respect to the transmissionsources. The transmission sources may be terrestrial, mobile,space-based, airborne, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment,the mobile device may ascertain its location on the surface of the earthby receiving and interpreting geolocation signals received fromsatellites in orbit about the earth. In another embodiment, the globalpositioning system may include a collection of terrestrial antennas andreceivers that receive a signal transmitted from the mobile device, andby analyzing the angle of arrival, time of arrival, and/or timedifferential of arrival of the mobile device's signal, the location ofthe mobile device may be ascertained via conventional multilaterationapproaches. Alternatively, the mobile device may receive one or moresignals from known terrestrial transmitting sources such as cellularbase station antennae, and through analyzing the received signals,compute its location with respect to the known terrestrial transmittingsources.

The area a mobile device is authorized to operate in may be defined inany manner. For example, the area may be a geographical area defined bya boundary, an area corresponding to a postal code, and/or an areacorresponding to a telephone area code. The area may include any numberof separate individual areas. An area may be defined based on where themobile device may operate (i.e. “whitelisting”), as well as on where themobile device may not operate (i.e. “blacklisting”).

The location of the mobile device may be compared to a list that definesone or more locations where the mobile device is authorized to beoperated, one or more locations where the mobile device is notauthorized to be operated, one or more locations where functionality ofthe mobile device is at least partially restricted, and/or combinationsthereof. The list may be defined by an authorized user of the deviceand/or a security authority. In one exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, a central server (such as host server 860 depicted in FIG. 8)monitors the location of the mobile device and compares the device'slocation to a location list previously stored in a database to determineif a security compromise event has occurred based on the location of themobile device, and if the functionality of the device should be modifiedas a result. Among other things, this embodiment allows employers,parents, and other “super-users” of mobile devices to define boundariesin which the mobile devices should operate when in the hands ofemployees or children.

A security compromise event may be determined based on the location ofthe mobile device. For example, referring now to FIG. 5, determining asecurity compromise event (120) may include measuring a firstenvironmental parameter at a first time point (510), measuring a secondenvironmental parameter at a second time point (520), comparing thefirst environmental parameter and second environmental parameter to apredetermined authorized use condition (530), determining that themobile device has been moved from a first location (540), andtransmitting at least one of the first and second measured environmentalparameter to a security authority (550).

As used herein, an “environmental parameter” generally includes anyparameter pertaining to the mobile device's environment. The mobiledevice can measure any desired environmental parameter in any desiredformat, such as an image taken by the mobile device. Digital cameras(including cameras inside other devices, such as mobile phones), andother devices with imaging capability may thus be used to take an imageof the mobile device's environment, including physical objects andpeople around the mobile device. Such images can then be used toidentify the location of the mobile device and/or the individual(s)responsible for taking or withholding the mobile device from itsauthorized user(s).

An environmental parameter may also include information from or aboutsystems and devices in communication with the mobile device. In oneembodiment of the present invention, for example, a wireless receiver incommunication with the mobile device can be activated and used to senseone or more wireless network addresses from one or more signals receivedby the mobile device at different points in time. The network addressessensed at different points in time can be compared to determine whetherthe sensed network addresses differ, and thus determine if the mobiledevice has moved.

An environmental parameter may further include geolocation information.The geolocation information may be measured from a global positioningsystem (GPS) in communication with the mobile device, as well as fromany other desired source. In one exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, the mobile device may receive a signal comprising geolocationinformation and decode location signals received at the different pointsin time. The locations corresponding to the signals measured atdifferent times may be compared to determine whether the location of themobile device has changed, as well as whether the distance between twosampled locations exceeds a predetermined threshold. Any number oflocation samples can be similarly measured and compared, either to aninitial location or to subsequently-measured locations. Thepredetermined threshold distance can be configured by a user, a securityauthority, and/or automatically by the mobile device. This embodimentthus allows the movement of a mobile device to be monitored and asecurity compromise alert issued if it moves more than a predetermineddistance.

In various embodiments of the invention, security compromise events maybe detected when an unauthorized user attempts to tamper with a securityprovision of the mobile device. For example, conditions leading to adetermination of tampering may include determining that an unauthorizeduser attempted to mask the reported location of the mobile device;attempted to re-route an electronic address in the mobile device;attempted to bypass a password prompt provided by the mobile device;attempted a brute force password attack on the mobile device; attemptedto install applications intended to thwart operation system security,and combinations thereof.

Altering the Functionality of the Mobile Device

In the exemplary process depicted in FIG. 1, a determination is made asto whether the function of the device should be altered in response tothe security compromise event (130), and the functionality of the mobiledevice altered accordingly (140). The functionality of a mobile devicecan be altered in any manner and to achieve any purpose, such as tomitigate the harm arising from the compromised status of the device,gather evidence to apprehend and convict a thief, as well as toencourage/incentivize the return of the device to the proper owner.Referring to FIG. 6, altering the functionality of the mobile device(140) may include providing a notification to the current user (610),inhibiting the functionality of the mobile device (620), providing anotification to an authorized user and/or security authority (630),altering the manner in which communications to and from the mobiledevice are handled (640), protecting data in the mobile device (650),tracking the mobile device (660), gathering and transmitting informationon the usage of the mobile device to a security authority (670), andcommunicating with other devices (680).

The functionality of a mobile device can be altered in any manner inresponse to a security compromise event, including partially orcompletely disabling features of the device and/or providingfunctionality not available prior to the security compromise event. Inone embodiment of the present invention for example, the functionalityof the mobile device can be altered to present an automated message tothe current user of the mobile device (610). The automated message maybe in any format and may contain any desired information. For example,the automated message may notify the current user that the mobile devicehas been lost or stolen, that a reward is offered for the prompt returnof the mobile device, and/or provide instructions for returning themobile device to the authorized user. The automated message may alsonotify the current user that any button may be depressed on the mobiledevice to initiate the recovery process, and/or that a phone number neednot be entered to contact a party to return device to its rightfulowner. In such an instance, the mobile device may accept a single buttonpress to initiate contact with a security authority or the authorizeduser to begin the recovery process. The message may be presented in anymanner, such as an audio message, a textual message, and/or a videomessage. In one embodiment of the present invention, for example, an SMStext message is transmitted by a security authority to a mobile device.The text message is decoded and a command sent to an applicationresiding on the mobile device, such as a web browser, a text editor,graphic image displayer, a message screen, or a bitmap displayer and/orany other application capable of displaying a notification. The commandmay, for example, display a pre-stored message or image, instructing theuser in regards to returning the device to the authorized user. Theapplication may reside on a hardware component within the mobile device,such as a SIM card installed in a mobile phone or laptop computer. Themessage may also be presented at any desired time or in response to anydesired event, such as when the current user is attempting to utilizethe mobile device (e.g., by placing a call on a mobile telephone). Forexample, the message may be presented upon startup of the device. Inthis manner, a user that has found a lost device may obtain informationregarding returning the device even where the device has not establisheda connection to a host server such as one operated a security authority.

The functionality of the mobile device may be altered to inhibit auser's ability to utilize the mobile device (620). For example, asequence of DTMF tones (e.g., for a mobile telephone) or an unpleasantsound may be played over a speaker in the mobile device while thecurrent user is attempting to use the mobile device. Additionally, theillumination level of a display on the mobile device may be altered tofrustrate the use of the mobile device (e.g., by decreasing theillumination level) and/or to draw attention to the mobile device (e.g.,by increasing the illumination level) so that bystanders may notice thedevice or its unauthorized use.

A predetermined set of features of the mobile device can be inhibited inresponse to a security compromise event, such as when the mobile deviceis reported stolen or lost by the authorized user. In one embodiment ofthe present invention, for example, the functionality of the mobiledevice is modified based on a list of features to be restricted uponoccurrence of the security compromise event. The list of features may bedefined in any manner, such as by an authorized user accessing a webinterface and selecting features to be disabled if the mobile device islost or stolen. The list of features may then be transferred to, andstored by, the mobile device. One or more specifically configured listsof features for various security compromise events may be provided tothe mobile device, for example one list may indicate that or more of thefeatures on the list could be disabled if the phone is reported stolen,while a less restrictive list may be provided for when the phone isreported as misplaced. In this manner, multiple feature modificationlists for the mobile device may provide for event-appropriate responsesbased on the type of security compromise that has occurred. In anotherembodiment, a default security compromise action list is executed by themobile device if the mobile device detects a security compromise eventand no other list of restricted features has been transferred to themobile device by the authorized user or a verified security authority.For example, but not by way of limitation, a default security compromiseaction list defines common features of a mobile device that need toaltered when control of the mobile device is lost. Alternately, the listof features may be identified by a user through a software interface onthe mobile device itself.

The functionality of the mobile device may be modified from a first setof features to a second set of features based on the occurrence of asecurity compromise event. The differences between the first feature setand second feature set can be based on any desired criteria, such as thecontext of use of the mobile device. For example, the feature sets maybe based on a level of security desired for the mobile device, anapplication the mobile device is being used for, the location of themobile device, or any other contextual factor(s).

The functionality of the mobile device may be inhibited in any otherdesired manner. For example, a mobile phone may be prevented fromplacing phone calls, sending emails or text messages, or engaging inother forms of communication. In the case where the mobile devicecomprises a mobile telephone, the phone numbers that may be called fromthe mobile device can be restricted to a predetermined list of numbers,or to only one or more predetermined numbers within a contact list onthe mobile phone. For example, a mobile device may be restricted to onlyallow emergency calls to be placed, and/or to place a call to a securityauthority (for example, a user may press a single key to place a call tothe security authority). Additionally, DTMF tones can be played on aloudspeaker of the mobile device while the mobile phone is in use tointerfere with the current user using the mobile phone. Similarly,frequent messages (e.g. a text message and/or audio message) can beprovided, instructing the current user of a mobile device to contact asecurity authority to initiate return of the mobile device to theauthorized user. The subscriber identity module (SIM) of a mobile phonecan also be locked out until the user enters a personal unblocking code.The unblocking code may be known to the authorized user(s) prior to theoccurrence of the security compromise event, or can be provided to theauthorized user(s) by a security authority. Additionally, an authorizeduser(s) may unlock the mobile device through a host server such a serveroperated by a security authority. Any other functions of a mobile devicecan be disabled (in part or in whole), or interfered with, to diminishthe usefulness of the mobile device to an unauthorized user.

The functionality of the mobile device can be inhibited by requiringentry of a password before the mobile device may be used by a currentuser. Where an invalid password is entered, a delay may additionally beintroduced before entry of another password may be attempted by thecurrent user. In conjunction with requiring the password, selectableindicia (e.g., a web link and/or button on a display) may be providedthat give instructions on how to return the mobile device. Theinstructions can be provided without the current user needing to enter avalid user id and password. Additionally, the current user may beprompted to enter his or her identification information, which is storedon the mobile device and transferred to a security authority when themobile device has an opportunity to make a communications connection tothe security authority. This may allow a security authority to locate aninnocent finder of the device, as well as someone who stole the device.For example, but not by way of limitation, the prompt can include amessage that notifies the current user of the device that they have wona substantial prize and need to take an action to redeem the prizeoffer. In such a case, the current user of a device may be solicited toprovide information that could be used to redeem the spurious prize, butin fact is used to locate and or apprehend current user. Alternatively,or in combination, the current user of the mobile device may be sent agraphical image with a name or image that encourages the current user toopen a message or file, and while looking at the file or image, acommand is decoded from the image via steganographic techniques, wherebythe command may be executed by the mobile device to mitigate the loss ofcontrol of the mobile device.

The mobile device can be significantly disabled or entirely shut down toprevent its use and help prevent an unauthorized user from attempting tocircumvent security protections on the mobile device. In some cases,such as when information stored on the mobile device is sensitive, orwhen there is a very small likelihood of recovering the mobile device(or its data), it may be desirable to command the mobile device toperform a destructive function that renders the mobile deviceinoperable. The destructive function may include erasing and/oroverwriting data and software stored on the mobile device. Thedestructive function may also include physically damaging the hardwareof the mobile device, such as by commanding the mobile device to deliveran electric charge or current to damage an electronic component of themobile device.

The functionality of the mobile device may be altered to send a messageto an authorized user of the device, a security authority, or otherrecipient (630). The message may include any desired information, suchas a phone number called by the mobile device, the current operationalstatus of the mobile device, the location of the mobile device, astatement indicating that the mobile device has been removed from apredetermined location and/or is in motion, a date and time stampindicating when the device was first used after occurrence of thesecurity event, and/or instructions to call a security authority toinitiate a recovery process. The mobile device can thus provideinformation on its use and location to aid a security authority orauthorized user in finding the mobile device.

The authorized user(s) of the mobile device may not necessarily be awarethat a security compromise event has occurred. In order to alert anauthorized user that a security compromise event has occurred, a theftnotification record for an authorized user can be stored at a centralserver as well as on the mobile device itself to allow the authorizeduser to be contacted and notified. The theft notification record caninclude any desired information regarding the authorized user, such asthe authorized user's contact information and information that can beused to validate the authorized user's identity. A message to theauthorized user may be in any format and may include any desiredinformation. For example, a phone call can placed to a phone numberspecified in the theft notification record, whereupon audio instructions(from a live operator or pre-recorded) are provided to the authorizeduser regarding how to contact the current user of the mobile device torecover the mobile device. Likewise, a text message can be sentelectronically, or a printed message may be sent by conventional mail,to an address specified in the theft notification record regarding howto contact the current user of the mobile device to recover it. Themessage may be provided by any system, device, or individual, such as asecurity authority monitoring the mobile device and/or the mobile deviceitself.

The functionality of the mobile device may be altered with regards tothe handling of communications to and from the mobile device (640). Inaddition to prohibiting or restricting communications to and from thedevice as discussed above, communications from the device by anunauthorized user can be intercepted and forwarded to a securityauthority, an authorized user, or other recipients to aid in identifyingthe unauthorized user and the location of the mobile device. In thismanner, the present invention will route calls that were directed to theauthorized user's lost or stolen device to an alternate numberdesignated by the authorized user; the authorized user will then be ableto receive calls that would have otherwise been missed. In the casewhere the mobile device comprises a mobile telephone, telephone numbersdialed by the unauthorized user can be logged and transmitted to thesecurity authority and/or authorized user, and authorized user and/orsecurity authority can be alerted as the mobile device is engaging in atelephone call. A third party (such as a security authority) may requestto access the telephone call, and then establish a conference connectionto the telephone call. The third party may actively participate in theconversation or listen to the conversation surreptitiously.

The data stored on a mobile device may be protected (650) in any desiredmanner, such as by encryption. Any portion of the stored data may beencrypted, such as files or other data elements designated (e.g., by alist, flag on the file, location of the file, or other method) to beencrypted upon the occurrence of a security compromise event.Alternatively, files and data elements may be encrypted as they arecreated so that they cannot be viewed by an unauthorized user evenbefore a security compromise event has been determined. An authorizeduser may designate individual files to be encrypted, as well as types offiles to encrypt. In addition to, or as an alternative to, encryption,files may be hidden from the file system of the mobile device to preventtheir access by an unauthorized user. Authorized users can gain accessto such files through, for example, a software application independentof the operating system of the mobile device that verifies the user isauthorized to access the files.

Designated files can be encrypted independent of the mobile device'soperating system, such as through an independent software applicationthat encrypts/decrypts files and allows a user to access them. Theoperating system is thus blocked from accessing such files, preventingan unauthorized user from exploiting security flaws in the operatingsystem to view protected files. Operating system calls to open suchfiles can be intercepted and the files opened and decrypted if thecurrent user is authorized to access the files. Similarly, operatingsystem calls to close such files can be intercepted and the files closedand decrypted by the independent software application. Files stored onthe mobile device may be encrypted and decrypted in any desired manner,such as with a password known by a security authority and/or theauthorized user.

In one embodiment of the present invention for example, to increase thelevel of protection for data stored on the mobile device, a password onthe mobile device can be modified to utilize a password that is moresecure, for example, by using a longer and/or more complex passwordcode, or setting a password where the mobile device was not protected bya password. Normally, these more secure or enhanced-strength passwordsare considered less user friendly and are often not used as primarypasswords by the authorized users. Therefore, embodiments of the presentinvention may adaptively modify the strength of passwords on mobiledevices depending on the security state and context of a mobile device.

Some or all of the data stored on the mobile device may be erased inresponse to a security compromise event to protect it from unauthorizedaccess. Any desired files of other data elements can be erased. Forexample, an authorized user may specify a list of data elements to bedeleted upon occurrence of the security compromise event. Additionally,deleted data elements may be overwritten with other data to preventforensic recovery of the data. Deleted data may be overwritten anydesired number of times, and with any desired data (such as random data,alternating data values, predetermined data patterns, and a combinationthereof).

Some or all of the data stored on the mobile device may further bearchived to allow an authorized user to recover the data, even if themobile device is not recovered. As with files marked for encryptionand/or deletion, an authorized user may specify particular files orother data to be archived in any desired manner. The authorized user mayalso specify one or more destinations to which the archived data shouldbe transmitted to in the event of a security compromise event, such as asecurity authority, host server, or an alternate device accessible bythe authorized user (e.g., another mobile device of the same type or acentral data server). The archived data may be transmitted from themobile device to a specified destination in conjunction with theencryption or deletion of the data upon a successful transfer. Anauthorized user may then retrieve the archived data to a replacementmobile device, or may instruct that the archived data be delivered toany other desired destination. For example, the authorized user mayspecify a destination address (such as an email address or physicalmailing address) to which an electronic copy or physical copy (e.g., thearchived data stored on a portable storage medium) can be delivered. Anytype of data stored on the mobile device may be archived, such asdocuments, email or telephone contact information, softwareapplications, media files, and/or pictures. Additionally, licensinginformation pertaining to one or more data elements may be archived.

Data may be archived at any time, including, upon occurrence of asecurity compromise event, according to a predetermined schedule, and orat a time specified by an authorized user, security authority, or otherauthorized entity.

Systems and methods of the present invention may store sensitive data ina specified location for special processing upon the occurrence of asecurity compromise event. The specified location may be a physicallocation in a memory, as well as a location designated through the filesystem of the mobile device. For example, an authorized user may storesensitive data elements in a special folder on the file system of themobile device. When a security compromise event occurs, one or morefunctions can be executed on the data elements within the folder, suchas encrypting one or more of the sensitive data elements with a passwordknown to the authorized user and/or a security authority, deleting oneor more of the sensitive data elements, multiply overwriting one or moreof the sensitive data elements, and/or transmitting one or more of thesensitive data elements to an address specified by the authorized user.The special designation of files allows, among other things, importantdata to be quickly protected, archived, and/or destroyed before handlingless sensitive data in the event of a security compromise event.

The functionality of the mobile device may be altered to aid in trackingthe device (660) following the occurrence of a security compromiseevent. For example, the mobile device may determine a network address(including a wireless network address) assigned to the mobile device, aswell as wireless access point identifiers from signals received by themobile device. The mobile device can store and transmit the address(es)and identifier(s) to a security authority. The security authority maythen determine, based on the network addresses and wireless access pointidentifiers, a location of the mobile device.

Similarly, the mobile device may receive a signal from a GPS or othersource providing geolocation information. The geolocation informationfrom the signal can be stored and transmitted to a security authority. Asecurity authority or authorized user receiving location informationfrom the mobile device can present the location on a map overlay totrack the current position of the mobile device, as well as the date andtime of any changes in the mobile device's position. The map of themobile device's position can be provided through a web site over theInternet to allow police officers or other security authority members tolocate the mobile device.

The functionality of a mobile device may be altered to gatherinformation on how the mobile device is being used by an unauthorizeduser and provide that information to an authorized user or securityauthority to aid in locating the device and/or unauthorized user (670).For example, phone numbers and email addresses to which messages aresent after occurrence of the security compromise event may be stored bythe mobile device and transmitted to a security authority.Data-capturing equipment onboard a mobile device (such as a digitalcamera or microphone) can also be used to gather information on the userof the mobile device, mobile device's present environment. A camera incommunication with the mobile device, for example, can be activated tocapture a still image or video clip, which can be stored in the mobiledevice and transmitted to a security authority. Similarly, a microphonemay be used to capture audio clips. Data-capturing equipment such as thecamera and microphone can be used to take continuous samples of data tohelp locate the device, inhibit use of the data capture device by theunauthorized user, and/or to wear down the battery of the mobile deviceto diminish it's usefulness to the unauthorized user. Alternately, thedata capture device may be disabled to preserve battery life and/or toprevent its use by the unauthorized user.

In order to help capture an image of the face of an unauthorized user,the mobile device may prompt the user to undertake an activity thatinvolves looking at the mobile device, such as prompting the user toenter a password, playing an audio sequence on the mobile device,strobing a light source on the mobile device, announcing that thecurrent user has won a prize and instructing him/her to watch for prizeredemption details, and/or displaying a video sequence. While thecurrent user's attention is focused on the mobile device, the camera maybe used to capture an image of his/her face for transmittal to asecurity authority. Similarly, a camera or microphone in communicationwith the mobile device can be activated in conjunction with initiating asurreptitious communication session with a security authority. Stillimages, video, and audio data captured by the mobile device can then betransmitted to the security authority. The security authority can useimages/video of the unauthorized user to identify him/her (e.g., throughcomparing the images/video to police booking photos), and can also usethe images/video to identify the surroundings of the mobile device. Theunauthorized user may also be identified from samples of theunauthorized user's voice (taken from captured audio clips).

As discussed previously, messages sent to and from the mobile device maybe intercepted and/or rerouted to a security authority to preventunauthorized use of the device and to help identify an unauthorized userand/or the location of the mobile device. In addition, the mobile devicemay be configured to maintain a record of each key depressed on themobile device, and transmit that log to an authorized user or securityauthority. The logging of keystrokes in this manner may further aid inidentifying the unauthorized user by capturing usernames, passwords,contact entries, and other information entered by the unauthorized user.

In addition to passively receiving data from the mobile device, anauthorized user or security authority may actively access or command themobile device in accordance with the present invention. A securityauthority or authorized user may transmit commands to the mobile deviceto execute various functions, as well as to provide software updates,applets, sections of executable code, interpretable scripts, or dataelements to be processed by the mobile device. The mobile device maythus be provided with software to perform various tasks upon theoccurrence of a security compromise event, as well as at any otherdesired time.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a securityauthority and/or the authorized user may log into a remote accessservice configured to communicate with the mobile device and activate anapplication programming interface in the mobile device to forward to theremote access service the current status of the mobile device, thecurrent location of the mobile device, an image taken by a camera incommunication with the mobile device, a real-time video captured by acamera in communication with the mobile device, a list of keys pressedon the mobile device, and/or a list of services currently running on themobile device. Additionally, an authorized user or security authoritymay issue a command to the mobile device to initiate a chat session andprovide an interface on the mobile device for enabling a text-basedinteraction with the current user.

The functionality of the mobile device may be altered to communicatewith other devices to assist in locating and recovering the mobiledevice (680). For example, referring now to FIG. 7, communication withother devices (680) may include initiating a wireless connection betweenthe mobile device and a wireless transceiver (710), relaying informationregarding the current location of the mobile device to a securityauthority through the wireless transceiver (720), transmitting a messageto the wireless transceiver (730), and transmitting a message to asecond wireless transceiver (740).

A mobile device can initiate a connection between any device, system, orperson through a wireless transceiver, and may connect to the wirelesstransceiver using any desired communication protocol. The mobile devicemay connect to any number of wireless transceivers. Once connected to awireless transceiver, the mobile device may relay any desiredinformation regarding the current location of the mobile device to asecurity authority, as well as files and data stored on the mobiledevice. For example, a mobile device that initiates a connection with awireless access point (WAP) connected to the Internet may send an emailto a security authority that includes text and attachments to aid thesecurity authority in locating the device and apprehending anunauthorized possessor of the device. Similarly, a mobile deviceinitiating a connection with a cellular telephone network may dial thesecurity authority and provide information regarding the location of themobile device through an audio message and/or DTMF tones.

The mobile device can provide any other desired information to (orthrough) a wireless transceiver it initiates contact with. For example,in one embodiment of the present invention the mobile device cantransmit a message to a wireless transceiver indicating that a lost orstolen device is present within a signal range accessible by thewireless transceiver. Similarly, a mobile device may determine thesignal strength of its wireless connection with the wirelesstransceiver, and obtain identifying indicia (such as a device name, IPaddress, or other identifier) for the wireless transceiver and transmita message to a different wireless transceiver including theidentification and signal strength information. The signal strength andidentification information for multiple wireless transceivers can thenbe used to triangulate the location of the mobile device. Additionally,where the wireless transceiver (or device in communication thereto) iscapable of determining its own physical location, the mobile device mayrequest that the wireless transceiver provide its physical location,which in turn can be provided to a security authority.

The mobile device may transmit any other desired information to anynumber of wireless transceivers. In one embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, a message to a wireless transceiver may includea request for a response that includes the physical location of awireless transceiver in communication with the mobile device, a requestthat a person in communication with the wireless transceiver report thata lost or stolen device is within its communication range, a phonenumber for the authorized user, a phone number for a security authority,and/or a request to place a call to a security authority.

Exemplary System

An exemplary system for use in conjunction with the present invention isdepicted in FIG. 8. This system may be used in conjunction with themethods described in FIG. 1-7, as well as with any subset or combinationof the elements thereof. The system shown in FIG. 8 may also be used inconjunction with any other suitable embodiments of the presentinvention.

The exemplary system depicted in FIG. 8 comprises a mobile device 800that includes a processor 810 coupled to a memory 820 which may includevolatile memory, nonvolatile memory or a combination thereof. Acommunications module 830 comprises a wireless transceiver 840 forwirelessly communicating with one or more servers 860 and other entitiesthrough antenna 850. The mobile device also includes a user interface870 coupled to the processor 810. The mobile device 800 may include anysuitable power source, such as a battery (not shown). The mobile device800 may include any other desired components, such as a globalpositioning system (GPS) to provide geolocation information for locatingthe mobile device. Some or all of the components of the mobile device800 may include (or be in communication with) a hardware identificationmodule (not shown) such as a universal subscriber identity module and/orremovable user identity module. The hardware identification module maybe coupled to the processor 810 and may include an identifier that canbe compared to a predetermined identifier to determine whether thehardware of the mobile device 800 has been altered and whether asecurity compromise event has occurred as a result. The hardwareidentification module (and predetermined identifier) may include anysuitable identifier, such as an electronic serial number, a local areaidentity identifier, an integrated circuit identifier, an internationalmobile subscriber identifier, an authentication key identifier, and/oran operator-specific emergency number identifier. The identifier may bestored in the memory 820 and transmitted to the host server 860 forcomparison to a predetermined identifier.

The functionality of the mobile device 800, including the methodsdepicted in FIGS. 1-7 (in whole or in part), may be implemented throughthe processor 810 executing computer-readable instructions stored in thememory 820 of the mobile device 800. The memory 820 may store anycomputer-readable instructions and data, including softwareapplications, applets, and embedded operating code. In one exemplaryembodiment, a software application performing methods of the presentinvention includes a terminate and stay resident (TSR) application (orequivalent) configured to remain loaded in memory whenever the mobiledevice is in operation, which can help prevent the inadvertent orintentional deletion of the TSR. The software application may also behidden (i.e., not viewable in an application list or task list) and/orprotected from being stopped or deleted by a user or other softwareprocess. Aspects of embodiments of the present invention provide fortamper-resistant applications to prevent unauthorized users fromdisabling or otherwise removing the applications from operationalstatus. In one exemplary embodiment, applications may be installed onmobile devices running the Symbian operating system, wherebyapplications that are running may not be unloaded or disabled.

Additionally, the software application may be configured to operate withminimal underlying hardware functionality. For example, the applicationmay be initiated before the mobile device establishes a networkconnection. Such a situation may be provided, for instance, when thesoftware application is installed on a SIM card in the mobile device,and the application launches before other software in the mobile deviceoperating system. Alternately or in addition, a data element such as alink or a URL (universal resource locator) may reside on the SIM card,and by launching an application such as a browser with the URL or link,an application referenced by the link or URL may be loaded into themobile device from a remote server and/or executed directly from on theremote server.

Software performing methods of the present invention may be providedwith the device or downloaded onto the mobile device by an authorizeduser. The functionality of the mobile device 800 may also be implementedthrough various hardware components storing machine-readableinstructions, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs),field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and/or complex programmable logicdevices (CPLDs). Systems according to aspects of the present inventionmay operate in conjunction with any desired combination of softwareand/or hardware components.

The processor 810 retrieves and executes instructions stored in thememory 820 to control the operation of the mobile device 800. Any numberand type of processor such as an integrated circuit microprocessor,microcontroller, and/or digital signal processor (DSP), can be used inconjunction with the present invention. The memory 820 storesinstructions, data, messages transmitted from (or received by) themobile device 800, and any other suitable information. A memory 820operating in conjunction with the present invention may include anycombination of different memory storage devices, such as hard drives,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), FLASH memory, or anyother type of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. Data can be stored inthe memory 820 in any desired manner. In one embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, data stored within the memory 820 is partitionedinto one or more logically disjoint groups. Each of the data groups areencrypted with a respective unique encryption key to prevent all thedata on the mobile device from being accessed if a single encryption keyis compromised. This also increases the time it will take a “bruteforce” attempt to try all possible encryption keys to succeed. Thegroups of data can be partitioned across a plurality of physical storagemedia, such a RAID array.

The communications interface 830 communicates with one or more servers860 or other suitable entities. Any suitable communications device,component, system, and method may be used in conjunction with thepresent invention. For example, the wireless transceiver 840 may beconfigured to communicate using any number and type of cellularprotocols, such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Global Systemfor Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), Personal Communication Service (PCS), Advanced Mobile PhoneSystem (AMPS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA(W-CDMA), Time Division-Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA). A mobile device operating in conjunction with the presentinvention may alternatively (or additionally) include wirelesstransceiver(s) (and related components) to communicate using any othermethod of wireless communication protocol, such as an ISO 14443protocol, an ISO 18000-6 protocol, a Bluetooth protocol, a Zigbeeprotocol, a Wibree protocol, an IEEE 802.15 protocol, an IEEE 802.11protocol, an IEEE 802.16 protocol, an ultra-wideband (UWB) protocol; anIrDA protocol, and combinations thereof. The antenna 850 may beconfigured to transmit and receive any wireless signal in any format,and may comprise a plurality of different antennas to transmit andreceive using different wireless protocols.

The communications module 830 can communicate with the server 860 oranother device using any other form of connection, such as a wiredInternet connection, a wireless Internet connection, a cellulartelephone network connection, a wireless LAN connection, a wireless WANconnection, an optical connection, a USB connection, a mobile devicesynchronization port connection, a power connection, and/or a securitycable. The communications module 830 can be used to communicate with oneor more companion devices to monitor the position or status of themobile device 800 (e.g., by monitoring whether a communication linkbetween the mobile device and companion device is intact), as well aswith any number of other devices to help track/locate a lost or stolenmobile device 800.

The mobile device 800 includes a user interface 870. The user interface870 may include any number of input devices (not shown) to receivecommands, data, and other suitable input from a user, as well as anynumber of output devices (not shown) to provides the user with data,notifications, and other suitable information from the mobile device800.

Any number of input devices may be included in the user interface 870such as a touch pad, a touch screen, and/or an alphanumeric keypad toallow a user to enter instructions and data into the mobile device 800.The user interface 870 may be configured to detect pressure exerted by auser on the keys of a keypad, as well as the time interval between keypresses in order to determine if the current user is authorized to usethe device. The user interface may also include a microphone to allowthe user to provide audio data to the mobile device 200, as well as acamera to allow the mobile device to capture still or video images. Themobile device 200 may include speech recognition software to processverbal input through the user interface 870. The user interface 870 mayalso include any number of suitable output devices, such as a displayscreen to visually display information (such as video and text), and/ora speaker to provide auditory output. The mobile device 800 may beconfigured to provide words, phrases, tones, recorded music, or anyother type of auditory output to a user through the speaker. Asdiscussed previously, the user interface 870 can be activated to provideinformation and/or hinder the operation of the mobile device 800 when anunauthorized user attempts to use the mobile device 800. For example,the illumination level of the display may be modulated to draw attentionto the mobile device, and unpleasant and/or loud sounds can be playedover the speaker.

The mobile device 200 may include one or more biometric devicesconfigured to receive biometric information, such as a fingerprintscanner, an iris scanner, a retinal scanner, and/or a breath analyzer.Input devices such as a microphone or camera may also be utilized toperform biometric analyses, such as a voice analysis or facialrecognition.

Information provided or received by the user interface 870 may be in anyappropriate format. For example, a user interface that communicatesinformation to a user in an auditory format may first provide a dataheader followed by a data value to identify the data to the user. Theuser interface 870 may provide information in any number of desiredlanguages, regardless of whether the information is provided audibly orvisually.

The user interface can also provide/receive information to a user in amachine-readable format. In one exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, the user interface 870 of a mobile device 800may send and receive messages using dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)tones. The mobile device 800 can be configured to send, receive, andprocess machine-readable data can in any standard format (such as a MSWord document, Adobe PDF file, ASCII text file, JPEG, or other standardformat) as well as any proprietary format. Machine-readable data to orfrom the user interface may also be encrypted to protect the data fromunintended recipients and/or improper use. In an alternate embodiment, auser must enter a passcode to enable use of some or all of thefunctionality of the mobile device 800. Any other user interface featuremay be utilized to allow a human or non-human user to interact with oneor more devices operating in conjunction with the present invention.

The mobile device 800 may include any other suitable features,components, and/or systems. For example, the mobile device 800 may beconfigured to preserve the life of its battery by shutting off some orall of its components, such as a camera or microphone. Components can beselectively shut down in response to a security compromise event, aswell as in response to a command from an authorized user or securityauthority. Alternately, the mobile device 800 can be configured to useits components excessively to drain the battery as quickly as possible,to, for example, limit the usefulness of the mobile device 800 to anunauthorized user.

The mobile device 800 may be configured to implement one or moresecurity measures to protect data, restrict access, or provide any otherdesired security feature. For example, a mobile device 800 may encrypttransmitted data and/or data stored within the device itself. Suchsecurity measures may be implemented using hardware, software, or acombination thereof. Any method of data encryption or protection may beutilized in conjunction with the present invention, such aspublic/private keyed encryption systems, data scrambling methods,hardware and software firewalls, tamper-resistant or tamper-responsivememory storage devices or any other method or technique for protectingdata. Similarly, passwords, biometrics, access cards or other hardware,or any other system, device, and/or method may be employed to restrictaccess to any device operating in conjunction with the presentinvention.

The host server 860 communicates with mobile devices 200, authorizedusers, unauthorized users, security authorities, and other entities tomonitor and protect the mobile devices 200 from unauthorized use and tomitigate the harm associated with a security compromise event. The hostserver 860 may comprise any number of separate computer systems,processors, and memory storage devices, as well as human operators(e.g., to answer calls from authorized users reporting the loss/theft ofa mobile device) and any other suitable entity. The host server 860 mayinclude, or be in communication with, one or more databases 880 storinginformation regarding authorized users and mobile devices 200 in orderto monitor and track the mobile devices 200 and provide instructions tothe mobile devices 200 in the event a security compromise event occurs.

For example, a database 880 may store a usage profile for a mobiledevice to allow software on the host server 860 to detect whethercontinued usage of the mobile device deviates from the usage profile bya predetermined threshold. The host server 860 may also receive,process, and store (e.g., in the database 880) information from themobile device 800. The host server 860 may handle any type of data inany format to achieve any purpose, such as receiving and processingenvironmental parameters captured by the mobile device to track theposition and location of the mobile device 800 as discussed previously.The database 880 may also store location information that can be used todetermine whether the mobile device 800 is operating in a valid location(e.g., “whitelisting” and “blacklisting” as discussed previously).

Databases 880 in communication with the host server 860 may also storearchived data from mobile devices 800 for recovery in the event themobile devices 800 are lost or stolen, or the data on the mobile devices800 is destroyed (e.g., by a virus or other malicious program). Thefunctionality of the host server 860 may be performed automatically orsemi-automatically, such as through software/hardware operating on oneor more computer systems, and/or by one or more human operators.

The host server 860 may include one or more system processors thatretrieve and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memoryto control (at least partially) the operation of the host server 860.Any number and type of conventional computer, computer system, computernetwork, computer workstation, minicomputer, mainframe computer, orcomputer processor, such as an integrated circuit microprocessor ormicrocontroller, can be used in conjunction with the present invention.Computer systems used in accordance with aspects of the presentinvention may include an operating system (e.g., Windows NT,95/98/2000/XP/Vista, OS2, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, MacOS, etc.) as well asvarious conventional support software and drivers typically associatedwith computers. In certain embodiments, dedicated applications may beentirely or partially served or executed by the system processor toperform methods of the present invention

The host server 860 may be accessed in any desired manner, such asthrough a website on the Internet, and/or through a telephone network.The host server 860 may include any number of human operators, computersystems, mobile telephones, mobile computing devices, interactive voiceresponse (IVR) systems, and any other suitable system and device forcommunicating with a user, security authority, computing device, orother entity. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention,authorized users wishing to subscribe to a service providing monitoringand protection of their mobile devices can access a web site hosted bythe host server 860 to create an account, pay for the service, identifyone or more mobile devices to be protected, select options for theservice, identify how the functionality of the device should be altered(e.g. features to implement or restrict) in the event the mobile deviceis lost or stolen, select an alternate caller identification indiciasuch as text to delivered in a caller ID data stream, report a securitycompromise event (such as the loss/theft of the device), and/or downloadsoftware to operate on their mobile device to aid in monitoring andprotecting the mobile device. Alternately, authorized users mayinterface with an automated IVR system and/or human operator over atelephone network. In the event a mobile device is lost or stolen,authorized users may interface with the host server 860 to report thesecurity compromise event (i.e., the loss/theft of the device), trackthe status/location of the mobile device, recover data archived from themobile device and stored by the host server 860, and/or to provideinformation on a security compromise event (such as reporting that thedevice has been located by the authorized user). Communications to andfrom the host server 860 may be protected (e.g., through encryption) asdiscussed above, or in any other manner.

The host server 860 can communicate with unauthorized users of a lost orstolen mobile device, both through the mobile device or through othercommunication methods. The host server 860 may notify the unauthorizeduser that the mobile device is lost or stolen, provide recoveryinformation (such as a shipping address) to the unauthorized user, andfacilitate the delivery of a reward to an unauthorized user who returnsthe mobile device. The host server 860 also communicates with the mobiledevice 800 to provide software updates, receive data for archival,identify files and other data to be protected, and to perform any otheraspect of the present invention.

The host server 860 may be controlled by, or operate in conjunctionwith, an authorized user, telecommunications service provider, mobiledevice monitoring/tracking service provider, security authority, and/orany other desired entity. For example, authorized users and securityauthorities may communicate with or through the host server 860 tomonitor a mobile device 800 and to recover the mobile device 800 if itis lost or stolen. The host server 860 may be configured to providenotifications on how to return a lost/stolen mobile device 800, detect asecurity compromise event, and determine whether a mobile device'sfunctionality should be altered and (if so) determine the manner inwhich the functionality of the mobile device 800 should be altered, asdepicted in FIGS. 1-7 and discussed previously. The host server 860 mayoperate in conjunction with any other desired systems, devices, humanoperators, or other entities.

Operation

FIGS. 9-64 depict various aspects of the operation of exemplaryembodiments according to the present invention. FIGS. 9-16 depictexemplary notification measures that can be provided on a mobilecomputing device such as a laptop computer in accordance with thepresent invention. As shown in the illustrated embodiments, anotification icon or graphic is provided in proximity to input fieldswhere users normally log in to access the mobile computing device. Thenotification icon or graphic is accompanied by text providinginformation regarding returning of the device. The various notificationmessages allow a finder of the mobile device to see that the device isprotected by an application operating in conjunction with the presentinvention as well as to provide information to allow the user to returnthe device. For example, referring now to FIG. 13, screen 1300 providesa link to a website that an innocent finder can click on to return thedevice. Similarly, referring now to FIG. 14, screen 1400 provides entryfields for a finder of the device to enter his or her name, phonenumber, and email address, and submit this information to a securityauthority. Screens 1500 and 1600 in FIGS. 15 and 16 respectively,provide a toll-free phone number and information regarding how to returnthe mobile device.

FIGS. 17-25 depict exemplary notification messages that may be displayedon a cellular phone, a PDA, or handheld mobile device. The notificationmessages alert the finder of the mobile device that the device isprotected by an application operating in conjunction with the presentinvention as well as to provide information to allow the user to returnthe device. For example, referring now to FIGS. 18 and 22, thenotification message may include buttons the user may select to returnthe mobile device. FIGS. 19, 20, and 21 depict notification messagesthat may be displayed when a user of a found mobile device places acall, such as to a security authority. Referring to FIG. 23, thenotification message may include an identification number associatedwith the mobile device as well as any other desired information.

A user of a mobile device protected in accordance with the presentinvention may interface with a host server such as one administered by asecurity authority through a website. FIGS. 26-37 depict exemplaryscreens and processes associated with a host server as exemplified byembodiments of the present invention. A user may be given an opportunityto sign up for a service to protect one or more mobile computing devicesin accordance with the present invention (FIGS. 26-34). After a user hascreated an account, he/she may download a software application to themobile device to be protected, as depicted in flow diagram 2900 in FIG.29. The user is thus provided with information regarding installationand user of the security application (FIG. 30). Referring to FIG. 31,after the user has downloaded and installed the product and hasrestarted the mobile device (if necessary), once a network connection isavailable the application will launch a browser to a web page using aunique identifier such as an identifier tag previous obtained from thehost server. As shown in FIGS. 32-33, a summary of the registrationinformation is also presented to the user through the browser screen,and the screen may present a list of multiple devices protected by theservice.

A user may be given an opportunity to sign up for a service to protectone or more mobile devices in accordance with the present invention.FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary process for creating an account andregistering a mobile device in accordance with the present invention. Auser creates an account (FIG. 35), selects a mobile device (FIG. 36),and completes the registration (FIG. 37).

FIGS. 38-55 pertain to the installation and registration of a softwareapplication downloaded onto the mobile device. The user initiates aninstallation program (FIG. 38), agrees to a license agreement (FIG. 39),selects a destination in the file system of the mobile device for thesoftware application (FIG. 40), and confirms installation of thesoftware application (FIG. 41). The installation verifies that thesoftware application installs properly, and if not, reinitiates theinstallation program (FIGS. 42-47). The user registers the softwareapplication with the host server (FIGS. 48-57). A finder of a mobiledevice protected in accordance with the mobile device may be directed toa web page hosted by the host server, which allows the finder to reportthat the mobile device has been found (FIG. 58). If desired, anauthorized user may uninstall the application from the mobile device(FIG. 59-64).

The particular implementations shown and described above areillustrative of the invention and its best mode and are not intended tootherwise limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Indeed,for the sake of brevity, conventional data storage, data transmission,and other functional aspects of the systems may not be described indetail. Methods illustrated in the various figures may include more,fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in anysuitable order without departing from the scope of the invention.Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures areintended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physicalcouplings between the various elements. Many alternative or additionalfunctional relationships or physical connections may be present in apractical system.

Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodimentswithout departing from the scope of the present invention. These andother changes or modifications are intended to be included within thescope of the present invention, as expressed in the following claims.

1. A tracking and loss mitigation system comprising: a mobile device,the device comprising: a user interface including a display and a dataentry interface; and a communications interface to a security authority;wherein the mobile device is configured to: provide, by the userinterface of the mobile device, a notification describing how to returnthe mobile device to an authorized user; detect that a securitycompromise event has occurred; and determine whether the function of thedevice should be altered in response to said security event.
 2. Thesystem as disclosed in claim 1, wherein the mobile device is furtherconfigured detect that a security compromise event has occurred bydetermining that a SIM card associated with the mobile device has beenexchanged.
 3. The system as disclosed in claim 1, wherein the mobiledevice is further configured detect that a security compromise event hasoccurred by determining that a SIM card associated has been removed fromthe mobile device.
 4. The system as disclosed in claim 1, wherein themobile device is further configured detect that a security compromiseevent has occurred by: obtaining from the authorized user a set ofcriteria indicating unauthorized use of the mobile device; anddetermining that at least one of the criteria indicating unauthorizeduse has occurred.
 5. The system as disclosed in claim 4, wherein thecriteria indicating unauthorized use of the mobile device comprise atleast one of: a maximum number of calls that may be placed to numbersnot included in a pre-stored authorized number list; a maximum number ofcalls that may be received by numbers not included in the pre-storedauthorized number list; and a call being placed to a country code notincluded in the pre-stored authorized number list.
 6. The system asdisclosed in claim 4, wherein the set of criteria indicatingunauthorized use of the mobile device are stored in the mobile device.7. The system as disclosed in claim 4, wherein the set of criteriaindicating unauthorized use of the mobile device are stored in adatabase associated with a security authority.
 8. The system asdisclosed in claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further configured toexecute an application residing in a read-only memory of the mobiledevice, wherein the application detects that a security compromise eventhas occurred.
 9. The system as disclosed in claim 8 wherein the mobiledevice is configured to execute instructions inhibiting a current userfrom terminating the application if the current user is not theauthorized user.
 10. The system as disclosed in claim 1 furthercomprising a companion device, wherein the mobile device is furtherconfigured to detect that a security compromise event has occurred by:associating the mobile device with the companion device; and determiningthat the mobile device has been moved relative to the location of thecompanion device.
 11. The system as disclosed in claim 10, wherein themobile device is further configured to format a message for transmissionto a security authority, the message comprising information regardingmovement of the mobile device with respect to the companion device;wherein the message is formatted by the companion device.
 12. The systemas disclosed in claim 1 further comprising a companion device, whereinthe mobile device is further configured to detect that a securitycompromise event has occurred by: associating the mobile device with thecompanion device; and determining that the mobile device has beendisassociated from the companion device.
 13. The system as disclosed inclaim 12, wherein the mobile device is further configured to format amessage for transmission to a security authority, the message comprisinginformation regarding the disassociation of the mobile device with thecompanion device; wherein the message is formatted by the companiondevice.
 14. The system as disclosed in claim 13, wherein the companiondevice is configured to transmit the formatted message to the securityauthority.
 15. The system as disclosed in claim 13, wherein theinformation regarding the disassociation of the mobile device with thecompanion device comprises at least one of: a date that the companiondevice and the mobile device were disassociated; a time that thecompanion device and the mobile device were disassociated; a locationthat the companion device and the mobile device were disassociated; anidentifier corresponding to the mobile device; an identifiercorresponding to the companion device; and an identifier correspondingto a current user of the mobile device.
 16. The system as disclosed inclaim 12, wherein determining that the mobile device has beendisassociated from the companion device comprises: measuring a currentpower level of a wireless signal transmitted by the companion device;and determining that the measured current power level has decreased by apredetermined amount.
 17. The system as disclosed in claim 12, whereindetermining that the mobile device has been disassociated from thecompanion device comprises: measuring a plurality of power levels of awireless signal transmitted by the companion device; computing anaverage power level from the plurality of measured power levels;measuring a current power level of a wireless signal transmitted by thecompanion device; and determining that the measured current power levelhas varied from the average power level by a predetermined amount. 18.The system as disclosed in claim 17, wherein determining that themeasured current power level has varied from the an average power levelby a predetermined amount further comprises: computing a standarddeviation of the plurality of measured power levels; and determiningthat the current power level exceeds an allowed signal range determinedby a predetermined constant times the standard deviation of theplurality of measured signals.
 19. The system as disclosed in claim 18,wherein the predetermined constant is
 1. 20. The system as disclosed inclaim 12, wherein determining that the mobile device has beendisassociated from the companion device comprises: measuring a pluralityof power levels of a wireless signal transmitted by the companiondevice; computing an average power level from the plurality of measuredpower levels; measuring a plurality of current power levels of awireless signal transmitted by the companion device; and determiningthat for a predetermined number of times within a predetermined timeperiod, one of the plurality of current power levels has varied from theaverage power level by a predetermined amount.